A) 3 km.
B) 300 km.
C) 3 cm.
D) 30 m.
E) 3 m.
G) All of the above
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A) its mass and its distance
B) the period between its peaks of brightness and its distance
C) the period between its peaks of brightness and its luminosity
D) its luminosity and its mass
F) C) and D)
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A) Sc galaxies have smaller bulges and more dusty gas than Sa galaxies.
B) It includes two broad types of spiral galaxies.
C) Low numbered elliptical galaxies are rounder than high numbered elliptical galaxies.
D) It represents an evolutionary sequence for galaxies (e.g., type SBa galaxies slowly turn into type SBb) .
F) A) and B)
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A) the fact that more distant galaxies have larger redshifts
B) the fact that galaxies with distorted appearances are more common at great distances than nearby
C) computer modeling of collisions between galaxies
D) the presence of features, such as "tails" extending out of galaxies, bridges between galaxies, and rings of stars around galaxies
F) A) and B)
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The evidence supporting the idea that ac...View Answer
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A) We don't see any nearby starburst galaxies.
B) We observe starbursts to last only a few years at a time.
C) Such galaxies form stars at such a high rate that they would have consumed all their gas long ago if they had always been forming stars at this high rate.
D) All starburst galaxies look like normal spiral galaxies, aside from the starbursts.
F) None of the above
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A) the galaxies that have the most hot, young O and B stars
B) the galaxies that are nearest to us
C) the galaxies that are farthest away
D) the galaxies that are the reddest in color
F) A) and B)
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A) its light traveled through space for 1 billion years to reach us
B) it was 1 billion light- years away when the light left the galaxy
C) it is now 1 billion light- years away
D) it is 400 million years old
F) None of the above
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A) Computer simulations predict that the product of a galaxy collision is generally an elliptical galaxy.
B) Elliptical galaxies dominate the population in dense galaxy clusters.
C) Galaxy collisions are common and most galaxies in the universe are elliptical.
D) Some elliptical galaxies are surrounded by shells of stars.
E) Some ellipticals have stars and gas that rotate opposite to the rest of the galaxy.
G) A) and B)
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A) Its rate of star formation is many times higher than the rate of star formation in the Milky Way.
B) Supernovae occur so frequently that their effects combine to drive a galactic wind that blows material into intergalactic space.
C) The observed features that cause us to classify it as a "starburst" must be only temporary phenomena in the galaxy's history.
D) The observed features of the starburst are thought to be caused by the presence of a supermassive black hole in the galaxy's center.
F) All of the above
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B) False
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A) The faster the rate of expansion, the older the age of the universe.
B) The faster the rate of expansion, the younger the age of the universe.
C) Age is independent of the expansion rate.
E) A) and C)
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B) False
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A) spiral or lenticular.
B) irregular.
C) elliptical.
D) abnormal.
F) All of the above
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A) Relative to their sizes, galaxies are closer together than stars.
B) Galaxies are much larger than stars.
C) Galaxies have higher redshifts than stars.
D) Galaxies travel through space much faster than stars.
F) A) and B)
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A) lenticulars only
B) irregulars only
C) ellipticals only
D) spirals only
E) all but irregulars
G) A) and E)
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A) may either be a result of the mass of the protogalactic cloud that formed it or the result of the heavy element abundance in that cloud
B) is always determined by the angular momentum of the protogalactic cloud that formed it
C) may either be the result of conditions in the protogalactic cloud that formed it or the result of later interactions with other galaxies
D) is determined by whether the galaxy is located in a cluster where collisions are likely or outside a cluster where collisions are less likely
F) B) and C)
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A) by matter that has been converted to pure energy by interacting with the jets shot out by a central black hole
B) by matter- antimatter annihilation near a central black hole
C) by nuclear fusion near a central black hole
D) by magnetic fields that trap and accelerate charged particles, which then radiate large amounts of energy
E) by gravity, which converts the potential energy of matter falling toward a central black hole into kinetic energy, which is then converted to thermal energy by collisions among the particles of matter
G) C) and D)
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A) For every force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
B) The faster a spiral galaxy's rotation speed, the more luminous it is.
C) The more distant a galaxy, the faster it is moving away from us.
D) The longer the period of a Cepheid variable, the greater its luminosity.
F) None of the above
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A) spirals and lenticulars
B) ellipticals only
C) irregulars only
D) spirals only
E) lenticulars only
G) B) and E)
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