Question 1

How were children viewed in ancient times and in the Middle Ages?

Accepted Answer

A)   as essentially good
B)   as innately evil
C)   a tabula rasa
D)   as capable of reasoningE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

What is Mark's conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)   saying "gotcha"
B)   touching his neck
C)   laughing when he hears "gotcha"
D)   laughing when his neck is touchedE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes the responsibility of the ego.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The cohort effect is a potential problem in cross-sectional research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

After 6-year-old Mary is punished, she temporarily stops her well-established bad behaviour. However, Mary soon goes back to her bad behaviours. Why did her undesired behaviour resurface?

Accepted Answer

A)   The conditional emotional response to the punishment has generalized to another behaviour.
B)   The undesired behaviour has been recovered.
C)   The effects of punishment have become a habit.
D)   Punishment alone is known to only temporarily suppress or inhibit a behaviour.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

All people are born with the same capacities and same opportunities in life, making the study of diversity irrelevant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Martha is an 8-year-old girl whose sexual impulses are buried. She spends her time focusing on her schoolwork and developing relationships with same-sex friends. According to Freud, what psychosexual stage is Martha in?

Accepted Answer

A)   the oral stage
B)   the phallic stage
C)   the latency stage
D)   the genital stageCONDITIONINGMark laughs whenever his neck is touched. Now his mommy says "gotcha" before touching his neck. Eventually, as soon as his mommy says "gotcha," Mark starts to laugh.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

How do behaviourism and ethology differ in their approaches to explaining human development?

Accepted Answer

Behaviourism suggests that children are ...

Question 9

What term did Freud use to describe his theory of child development?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychometric
B)   epigenetic
C)   psychosexual
D)   emergentE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Bandura's social cognitive theory argues that children learn by observing models.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Sarah's mother works long hours at the office. As a result, she cannot always attend Sarah's soccer games. Which type of system does her mother's workplace represent for Sarah?

Accepted Answer

A)   an exosystem
B)   a mesosystem
C)   a microsystem
D)   a macrosystemE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

What does Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasize?

Accepted Answer

A)   the role of the id
B)   psychological traits
C)   lifespan development
D)   the importance of early experiencesE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

A researcher has found that, in general, the more hours students spend partying, the lower their exam scores. Which term best describes this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)   a documented case study
B)   a correlation with a positive direction
C)   a negative correlation
D)   a standardized testE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

According to Freud, what word describes the id?

Accepted Answer

A)   conscious
B)   unconscious
C)   preconscious
D)   subliminalE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

How has the idea that childhood is a special time of life developed over time?

Accepted Answer

A)   This idea declined throughout the 20th century.
B)   This idea became evident during the Industrial Revolution.
C)   This idea occurred at a time of ease and play for children during the Industrial Revolution.
D)   This idea corresponded to the Middle Ages and the importance of children in the family during this time.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the chronosystem involves changes over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A child's peer group can be considered an exosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

John Locke's conception of children (i.e., as a tabula rasa) was as passive recipients of actions from the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is the focus of Freudian psychoanalytic theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   observable behaviours
B)   learning and education
C)   emotional and social development
D)   quantitative change in developmentE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios is an example of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jonathan jumps when he hears loud thunder.
B)   Nicholas isn't given any dessert because he didn't eat his green vegetables.
C)   Frank stops having temper tantrums in public after his father begins ignoring them.
D)   Gina watches her mother mow the grass and then she pushes her toy lawnmower around the lawn.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

What is the focus of Freudian psychoanalytic theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes the responsibility of the ego.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All people are born with the same capacities and same opportunities in life, making the study of diversity irrelevant.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After 6-year-old Mary is punished, she temporarily stops her well-established bad behaviour. However, Mary soon goes back to her bad behaviours. Why did her undesired behaviour resurface?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasize?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher has found that, in general, the more hours students spend partying, the lower their exam scores. Which term best describes this finding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following scenarios is an example of observational learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the chronosystem involves changes over time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is Mark's conditioned stimulus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How has the idea that childhood is a special time of life developed over time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sarah's mother works long hours at the office. As a result, she cannot always attend Sarah's soccer games. Which type of system does her mother's workplace represent for Sarah?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, what word describes the id?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child's peer group can be considered an exosystem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cohort effect is a potential problem in cross-sectional research.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What term did Freud use to describe his theory of child development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Martha is an 8-year-old girl whose sexual impulses are buried. She spends her time focusing on her schoolwork and developing relationships with same-sex friends. According to Freud, what psychosexual stage is Martha in?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do behaviourism and ethology differ in their approaches to explaining human development?

Correct AnswerverifiedBehaviourism suggests that children are ...View AnswerShow Answer

John Locke's conception of children (i.e., as a tabula rasa) was as passive recipients of actions from the environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bandura's social cognitive theory argues that children learn by observing models.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How were children viewed in ancient times and in the Middle Ages?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Behaviourism suggests that children are ...
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