Question 1

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-membrane channels may be opened or closed

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear receptor model
B)  membrane-bound receptor modelC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 2

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-receptor molecule interacts with DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear receptor model
B)  membrane-bound receptor modelC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 3

In ______, a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)   amplification
B)   positive feedback
C)   down-regulation
D)   up-regulationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)   attached to proteins
B)   attached to carbohydrates
C)   attached to amino acids
D)   as free hormonesE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   water-soluble
B)   amino acid derivative
C)   protein
D)   lipid-solubleE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated

Accepted Answer

A)   a cascade effect.
B)   a double loop effect.
C)   a protein kinase effect.
D)   a cyclic effect.
E)   a negative feedback cycle.F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)   increased in number
B)   decreased in number
C)   chemically altered
D)   moved
E)   increased in number, decreased in number and chemically alteredF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

Predict which hormone would produce longer lasting effects:

Accepted Answer

A)   Hormone A, which activates a G protein.
B)   Hormone B, which binds to a nuclear receptor.
C)   Hormone C, which stimulates the formation of a second messenger.
D)   Hormone D, which activates adenylate cyclase.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)   activation of cyclic AMP
B)   activation of mRNA synthesis
C)   increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes
D)   opens membrane channels
E)   alters membrane permeabilityF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ chemical signals are released by cells...

Question 11

Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

Accepted Answer

A)   acute hormone secretion
B)   episodic hormone secretion
C)   chronic hormone secretion
D)   long-term hormone secretionE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)   the action of a substance other than a hormone.
B)   the nervous system.
C)   other hormones.
D)   All of these choices are correct.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a(n)  _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   hormone response element
B)   transcription factor
C)   messenger RNA
D)   intracellular mediatorE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1)  nucleic acid derivatives 2)  polypeptides 3)  steroids 4)  proteins

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 3, 4
B)   1, 2, 3
C)   2, 3, 4
D)   1, 2, 3, 4
E)   1, 2, 4F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 15

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A)   in the cytoplasm of their target cells.
B)   on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
C)   in the lysosomes of their target cells.
D)   on the nuclear membrane of their target cells.
E)   on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 16

Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A)   in the cytoplasm of their target cells.
B)   on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
C)   in the lysosomes of their target cells.
D)   on the nuclear membrane of their target cells.
E)   in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 17

What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   paracrine
B)   neurotransmitter
C)   autocrine
D)   endocrineE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

Accepted Answer

A)   ion channels could be opened.
B)   IP3 may be activated.
C)   cyclic AMP production may be increased.
D)   DAG may be activated.
E)   All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 19

Cortisol, a lipid-soluble hormone is released into the blood. Predict what cortisol might do.

Accepted Answer

A)   can dissolve in the blood as free hormone
B)   needs fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream
C)   readily diffuses through capillary wall
D)   rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream
E)   may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-lifeF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH...

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

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Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

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Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located

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Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

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Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins

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When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

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Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -membrane channels may be opened or closed

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Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

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A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a(n) _____.

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Predict which hormone would produce longer lasting effects:

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Match the description with the type of receptor model. -receptor molecule interacts with DNA

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In ______, a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cortisol, a lipid-soluble hormone is released into the blood. Predict what cortisol might do.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

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