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Describe empirical research based on Erikson's theory.

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___________ enhanced Erikson's theory of generativity versus stagnation by exploring the cultural demand for generativity.


A) Fromm
B) Chodorow
C) Rotter
D) McAdams

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Ron is a previously law-abiding teen who has recently joined a violent gang.In Erikson's terms,he is


A) adopting a negative identity.
B) looking for fidelity.
C) undergoing an identity crisis.
D) assuming an inappropriate sexual role.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Anna Freud's developmental line elaborated on her father's depiction of the psychosexual stages by describing


A) how children become increasingly dependent on external controls as they mature.
B) the increase in id impulses that accompanies the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
C) the increase in ego-superego conflicts that occurs along with developmental growth.
D) the growth in ego mastery as it coincides with psychosexual development.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Tanya has been taken hostage.Her primary feelings toward the people who are holding her hostage is admiration and gratitude.Anna Freud would argue that Tanya is experiencing the ego defense of


A) projection.
B) displacement.
C) identification with the aggressor.
D) regression.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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According to Erikson,an older adult who is able to sit back and reflect on his or her life with satisfaction will have acquired the virtue of


A) fidelity.
B) care.
C) love.
D) wisdom.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Research inspired by Erikson's theories,such as that conducted by Daniel Levinson and Judy Levinson,suggests that,compared to women,men tend to base their identity on their


A) marriage.
B) parenting.
C) age.
D) profession.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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The ego strength of care emerges during which of Erikson's psychosexual stages?


A) Ego identity versus role confusion
B) Ego integrity versus despair
C) Generativity versus stagnation
D) Intimacy versus isolation

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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C

According to Erikson,an infant whose parents do not attend reliably to his or her needs is likely to lack the ego strength of


A) will.
B) hope.
C) purpose.
D) wisdom.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Two-year-old Emma was just toilet-trained.According to Erikson,if her parents were firm and reassuring,Emma would emerge from this stage with a newly developed ego strength of


A) care.
B) purpose.
C) will.
D) hope.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Discuss Erikson's methods of research.

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Erik Erikson was a prominent psychologis...

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Describe Anna Freud's contributions to psychoanalysis.

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Anna Freud made significant contribution...

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Fifteen-year-old Savita is constantly questioning her parents' values.At the same time,she is not ready to accept her friends' values.If you ask her what she wants to become,she will say,"I haven't a clue." Her confusion implies that she is struggling with issues of


A) autonomy.
B) identity.
C) fidelity.
D) integrity.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Four-year-old Jonas is a very curious little boy who is always taking things apart.His mother has just found him in her bedroom attempting to unscrew the back of her alarm clock.According to Erikson,a spanking will probably lead Jonas to feel


A) mistrustful.
B) confused.
C) guilty.
D) stagnant.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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C

In theorizing about females,both Erikson and Freud


A) believed that women could find their identity in work.
B) believed that women could not contribute significantly outside the home.
C) believed that girls' awareness of their sexual role focused on a missing penis.
D) employed male paradigms.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Discuss the general characteristics of Erikson's psychosocial stages of development.

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Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of de...

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According to McAdams,in the elementary school years,our life stories revolve around two themes: ________ and ________.


A) initiative; guilt
B) nuclear episodes; thematic lines
C) agency; communion
D) school; home

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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C

How might difficulties in the first of Erikson's psychosocial stages (trust versus mistrust) specifically influence adult personality and behavior regarding relationships?

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In discussing the psychosexual stages,Freud emphasized their ________ character,whereas Erikson emphasized their ________ dimension.


A) biological; social
B) social; biological
C) biological; cognitive
D) cognitive; biological

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Recently,McAdams (McAdams & Olson,2010) redefined his three "levels" of personality as ones that unfold developmentally as a person successively takes on the self-positions of actor,agent,and __________ over time.


A) counselor
B) manager
C) investor
D) author

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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