Question 1

_____________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A)   Shaping
B)   Spontaneous recovery
C)   Stimulus generalization
D)   Stimulus discriminationE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

You walk up to a soda machine and put in a dollar, and are rewarded with a bottle of root beer. When you put in another dollar, you get another soda. Assuming that the machine does not run out of root beer, which kind of reinforcement schedule does this machine operate on?

Accepted Answer

A)   partial reinforcement
B)   interval reinforcement
C)   continuous reinforcement
D)   ratio reinforcementE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Anticipatory nausea is seen in some people who ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   are receiving chemotherapy
B)   have lung disease
C)   have stomach ailments
D)   do not respond well to nontraditional medicinesE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The "gambling reinforcement schedule" is the same as a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   variable ratio
B)   fixed ratio
C)   fixed interval
D)   variable intervalE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)   a variable-ratio schedule
B)   a fixed-ratio schedule
C)   a fixed-interval schedule
D)   a continuous scheduleE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

________ was accidentally discovered by Garcia and colleagues when they studied the effects of radiation on rats.

Accepted Answer

A)   Anticipatory nausea
B)   Taste perception
C)   A variant of classical conditioning
D)   Taste aversionE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

What is the basic theme behind social learning theory?

Accepted Answer

It emphasizes that m...

Question 8

A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning
B)   operant conditioning
C)   biofeedback theory
D)   social learning theoryE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Who of the following used "puzzle boxes" to learn more about instrumental conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Watson
B)   Thorndike
C)   Pavlov
D)   Skinner
E)   BanduraF) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following is true of research on insight?

Accepted Answer

A)   Researchers have found that only human beings are capable of insight learning.
B)   Researchers have found support for the existence of both human and animal insight learning.
C)   Researchers have found that apes are capable of insight only after being taught this by humans.
D)   Researchers have proven that all creatures, even one-celled organisms such as the amoeba, are capable of insight learning.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

The first time José sees a cat, his mother tells him, "That's a cat. Can you say cat?" He repeats the word gleefully, and his mother praises him. The next day, he is watching a cartoon and sees a tiger on the television. He points at the tiger and says, "Cat!" This is an example of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization
B)   spreading activation
C)   categorization
D)   discriminationE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener. In this example, the _______________ is the conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)   can of cat food
B)   sound of the electric can opener
C)   dish that Harmony puts the food in
D)   cat scurrying into the kitchenE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus generalization
B)   stimulus adaptation
C)   response generalization
D)   transfer of habit strengthE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Summarize the key findings from Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment.

Accepted Answer

Children who saw an adult punching the d...

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)   receiving harsh criticism for lying to your parents
B)   losing telephone privileges for breaking curfew
C)   getting stung by a bee when walking barefoot outside and stepping on the bee
D)   getting pepper sprayed for making a lewd comment to a strangerE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Are classical and operant conditioning fundamentally the same? Summarize the major arguments for and against the two forms of conditioning being the same.

Accepted Answer

One argument suggesting the two are the ...

Question 17

If Steven's ________ has been removed, then autonomic responses of fear will probably disappear.

Accepted Answer

A)   hippocampus
B)   hypothalamus
C)   amygdala
D)   cerebellumE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

In the process of shaping, behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response. These behaviors are called _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcers
B)   successive approximations
C)   secondary reinforcers
D)   unconditioned stimuliE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

Accepted Answer

A)   food
B)   praise
C)   money
D)   attentionE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Toby, a 4-year-old, tends to be willing to forego a small reward now for a big one tomorrow. Consequently, years from now, Toby will be more likely to be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-centered
B)   socially competent
C)   uninterested in high achievement
D)   exceptionally giftedE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 4: Learning: How Experience Changes US

The first time José sees a cat, his mother tells him, "That's a cat. Can you say cat?" He repeats the word gleefully, and his mother praises him. The next day, he is watching a cartoon and sees a tiger on the television. He points at the tiger and says, "Cat!" This is an example of ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If Steven's ________ has been removed, then autonomic responses of fear will probably disappear.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who of the following used "puzzle boxes" to learn more about instrumental conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ was accidentally discovered by Garcia and colleagues when they studied the effects of radiation on rats.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toby, a 4-year-old, tends to be willing to forego a small reward now for a big one tomorrow. Consequently, years from now, Toby will be more likely to be ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by _______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the process of shaping, behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response. These behaviors are called _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize the key findings from Bandura's famous Bobo doll experiment.

Correct AnswerverifiedChildren who saw an adult punching the d...View AnswerShow Answer

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "gambling reinforcement schedule" is the same as a ________ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of research on insight?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the basic theme behind social learning theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedIt emphasizes that m...View AnswerShow Answer

You walk up to a soda machine and put in a dollar, and are rewarded with a bottle of root beer. When you put in another dollar, you get another soda. Assuming that the machine does not run out of root beer, which kind of reinforcement schedule does this machine operate on?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anticipatory nausea is seen in some people who ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Are classical and operant conditioning fundamentally the same? Summarize the major arguments for and against the two forms of conditioning being the same.

Correct AnswerverifiedOne argument suggesting the two are the ...View AnswerShow Answer

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener. In this example, the _______________ is the conditioned stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Children who saw an adult punching the d...
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It emphasizes that m...
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One argument suggesting the two are the ...
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