Question 1

Pavlov's model of classical conditioning was based on the idea that the conditioned stimulus, through its association close in time with the unconditioned stimulus, came to activate the same place in the animal's brain that was originally activated by the unconditioned stimulus. This was known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus substitution 
B)   the cognitive perspective 
C)   the Skinner model
D)   higher-order conditioning E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Bob has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps whining for something. One day Bob starts whining in the toy store because he wants a GI Joe action figure. His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining. What will happen?

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization
B)   extinction 
C)   spontaneous recovery 
D)   discrimination E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

For every five times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat. This BEST illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed ratio 
B)   variable ratio
C)   variable interval
D)   fixed interval E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

While watching the evening news, you see a story about domestic abuse and wonder, "Why would anyone stay in a relationship where they are being abused?" According to Seligman, one factor that may contribute to victims staying in abusive relationships is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning
B)   learned helplessness 
C)   conditioned emotional response 
D)   instinctive drift E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

The "law of effect" was first proposed in the modern scientific community by:

Accepted Answer

A)   James.
B)   Skinner.
C)   Thorndike.
D)   Pavlov.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 6

In the "Little Albert" study, the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   white rat 
B)   loud noise 
C)   fear of the rat
D)   fear of the noise E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning
B)   trial and error
C)   classical conditioning
D)   shapingE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

The fact that dopamine amplifies some signals and mutes others in the ________ suggests that it is part of the process of reinforcement in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)   pons
B)   central sulcus
C)   putamen 
D)   nucleus accumbens E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

The "aha!" experience is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   latent learning 
B)   insight learning 
C)   thoughtful learning
D)   serial enumeration E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following criteria helps to increase the effectiveness of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)   when it immediately follows the undesirable behavior 
B)   when it is inconsistent 
C)   when it is given with classical conditioning
D)   when it is vicarious E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 11

On a fixed-interval schedule, reinforcement is given ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   for the first correct response after a specific amount of time has passed
B)   for correct responses after randomly varying amounts of time have passed
C)   after a specific number of responses are given
D)   after a randomly varying number of responses are givenE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

A child is wetting his or her bed. According to our textbook, punishing the child would be the best way to permanently stop this behavior. You would recommend that the child be given no food on the day after a bedwetting incident. This is because punishment is guaranteed to stop bad behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Imagine that you try to condition someone so that a particular sound elicits a literal "knee jerk response." Which of the following is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   The initial strike to the knee is the CS.
B)   The initial knee jerk response is the CR.
C)   The sound is the CS.
D)   The anticipation of being struck in the knee is the CSR. E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Insight is a concept associated with ________ learning theory.

Accepted Answer

A)   classical
B)   operant
C)   social
D)   cognitiveE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)   a variable-ratio schedule
B)   a fixed-ratio schedule
C)   a fixed-interval schedule
D)   a continuous scheduleE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   A child learns to blink her eyes to a bell because the ringing of the bell has been followed by a puff of air to the eye.
B)   A pigeon learns to peck at a disk in a Skinner box to get food.
C)   Rich saw that when Donna banged her fist against a particular vending machine, she got a free soft drink, so now he bangs his fist against that machine when he wants a free soft drink.
D)   A monkey learns to escape from a cage.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Classical is to ________ as operant is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pavlov; Skinner
B)   Skinner; Pavlov
C)   Pavlov; Watson
D)   Watson; PavlovE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions based on his work giving sweetened liquid to rats and then inducing nausea in them?

Accepted Answer

A)   Seligman 
B)   Garcia 
C)   Skinner
D)   Watson E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 19

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning
B)   operant conditioning
C)   vicarious learning
D)   cognitive learningE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate at a metronome sound that was paired with a meat stimulus. After the CS-UCS connection was strongly established, Pavlov then presented the dog with several flashes of a light followed by the metronome sound. After a few days, when the light flashes were presented by themselves, the dog salivated. This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   higher-order conditioning 
B)   neoclassical conditioning
C)   generalization
D)   operant conditioning E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 5: Learning

Correct Answer
verified

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by ________.

Correct Answer
verified

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following criteria helps to increase the effectiveness of punishment?

Correct Answer
verified

On a fixed-interval schedule, reinforcement is given ________.

Correct Answer
verified

The "aha!" experience is known as ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

While watching the evening news, you see a story about domestic abuse and wonder, "Why would anyone stay in a relationship where they are being abused?" According to Seligman, one factor that may contribute to victims staying in abusive relationships is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

For every five times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat. This BEST illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Correct Answer
verified

Insight is a concept associated with ________ learning theory.

Correct Answer
verified

The "law of effect" was first proposed in the modern scientific community by:

Correct Answer
verified

In the "Little Albert" study, the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Imagine that you try to condition someone so that a particular sound elicits a literal "knee jerk response." Which of the following is accurate?

Correct Answer
verified

A child is wetting his or her bed. According to our textbook, punishing the child would be the best way to permanently stop this behavior. You would recommend that the child be given no food on the day after a bedwetting incident. This is because punishment is guaranteed to stop bad behaviors.

Correct Answer
verified

The fact that dopamine amplifies some signals and mutes others in the ________ suggests that it is part of the process of reinforcement in the brain.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

Correct Answer
verified

Bob has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps whining for something. One day Bob starts whining in the toy store because he wants a GI Joe action figure. His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining. What will happen?

Correct Answer
verified

Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions based on his work giving sweetened liquid to rats and then inducing nausea in them?

Correct Answer
verified

Classical is to as operant is to .

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Learning

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Instinctive or involuntary behavior would probably be BEST modified by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following criteria helps to increase the effectiveness of punishment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On a fixed-interval schedule, reinforcement is given ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "aha!" experience is known as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While watching the evening news, you see a story about domestic abuse and wonder, "Why would anyone stay in a relationship where they are being abused?" According to Seligman, one factor that may contribute to victims staying in abusive relationships is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For every five times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat. This BEST illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insight is a concept associated with ________ learning theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "law of effect" was first proposed in the modern scientific community by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the "Little Albert" study, the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine that you try to condition someone so that a particular sound elicits a literal "knee jerk response." Which of the following is accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child is wetting his or her bed. According to our textbook, punishing the child would be the best way to permanently stop this behavior. You would recommend that the child be given no food on the day after a bedwetting incident. This is because punishment is guaranteed to stop bad behaviors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that dopamine amplifies some signals and mutes others in the ________ suggests that it is part of the process of reinforcement in the brain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bob has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps whining for something. One day Bob starts whining in the toy store because he wants a GI Joe action figure. His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining. What will happen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions based on his work giving sweetened liquid to rats and then inducing nausea in them?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical is to ________ as operant is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Classical is to as operant is to .

Correct Answer
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