Question 1

When individuals of the same species are reproductively isolated, genetic differences may accumulate in sufficient number so that new species could emerge. Such an event would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   microevolution.
B)   founder effect.
C)   equilibrium.
D)   macroevolution.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Fitness trade-off refers to selection favoring which genotype?

Accepted Answer

A)   homozygous dominant
B)   homozygous recessive
C)   heterozygous
D)   no genotype is favoredE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

In certain species of nonhuman primates there are groups where only one dominant female has access to mates. The other females must wait until the opportunity to gain mate access presents itself. This will have direct impacts on " fitness," influencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   reproductive success
B)   aggressiveness
C)   strength
D)   age at deathE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Together, all of the alleles contained within a group of interbreeding individuals is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A)   gene pool.
B)   population.
C)   clinal distribution.
D)   polymorphism.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 5

The ABO and MN blood-type frequencies of the Dunkers differ significantly from those of current American and German populations due to:

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic drift.
B)   natural selection.
C)   gene flow.
D)   mutation.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Studies of Darwin's finches have found that at certain points in time all finches on the island have either wide beaks or sharp narrow beaks. The type of evolution that leads to this phenotype distribution is:

Accepted Answer

A)   directional selection.
B)   natural selection.
C)   disruptive selection.
D)   stabilizing selection.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above C

Question 7

A study of Darwin's finches after a long period of drought found that all species of finch on one of the islands had developed wide beaks in order to break open seeds. The type of evolution that leads to this phenotype distribution is:

Accepted Answer

A)   directional selection.
B)   natural selection.
C)   disruptive selection.
D)   stabilizing selection.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above A

Question 8

Explain how the founder effect can lead to a descendent population that differs greatly from its parent population over a relatively short period of time.

Accepted Answer

Founder effect is a special kind of gene...

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a genetic disorder that decreases susceptibility to malaria?

Accepted Answer

A)   G6PD deficiency (favism) 
B)   sickle-cell anemia
C)   Huntington's chorea
D)   thalassemiaE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Frameshift mutations are more likely to have an impact at the phenotypic level because:

Accepted Answer

A)   frameshift mutations are the result of a change in a single nucleotide.
B)   frameshift mutations are the result of exposure to radiation.
C)   frameshift mutations produce a protein having no function.
D)   frameshift mutations are mobile pieces of DNA.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Mutations to which cells are most likely to have significant evolutionary consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)   sex cells (gametes) 
B)   red blood cells
C)   skin pigment cells
D)   brain cellsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Why is a frameshift mutation far more likely to lead to a defective protein than a point mutation?

Accepted Answer

The potential effects of a point mutatio...

Question 13

Patrilocal societies are expected to display:

Accepted Answer

A)   greater mtDNA diversity than Y chromosome diversity.
B)   roughly equivalent mtDNA and Y chromosome diversity.
C)   greater Y chromosome diversity than mtDNA diversity.
D)   no strong correlation between societal structure and genetic diversity.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Spontaneous mutation is the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)   unknown causes.
B)   X-rays.
C)   toxic chemicals.
D)   UV radiation.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

In a classroom taste test for PTC the genotype frequency was determined to be P = .35 and Q = .65. After applying the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the percentage of genotypes was found to be as follows:

Accepted Answer

A)   p2 = 0.12; 2pq = 0.46; q2 = 0.42.
B)   p2 = 0.35; 2pq = 0.00; q2 = 0.65.
C)   p2 = 0.12; 2pq = 0.65; q2 = 0.23.
D)   p2 = 0.20; 2pq = 0.20; q2 = 0.60.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

The type of selection that favored progressively larger brain size in human evolution is:

Accepted Answer

A)   natural selection.
B)   directional selection.
C)   stabilizing selection.
D)   disruptive selection.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Familial hypercholesterolemia, an autosomal dominant disease, is five times more frequent in the Afrikaner population of South Africa than in the population of Europe or the United States. This represents an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   natural selection.
B)   bottleneck.
C)   founder effect.
D)   kin selection.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Another name for the evolutionary force called gene flow is:

Accepted Answer

A)   "founder effect."
B)   "disruptive selection."
C)   "admixture."
D)   "transposition."E) All of the above
F) A) and B) C

Question 19

An individual who displays the disease sickle-cell anemia must have inherited the deleterious allele from both phenotypically normal parents. This individual is therefore:

Accepted Answer

A)   homozygous dominant.
B)   homozygous recessive.
C)   heterozygous.
D)   haplozygous.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

You are reading a scientific article about cheetahs that have stripes instead of spots. The article refers to this as a genetic mutation. Though you see they have no negative impact on the cheetahs' fitness, the stripes are nevertheless considered a genetic mutation because:

Accepted Answer

A)   mutations can result in an evolutionary advantage.
B)   mutations can result in an evolutionary disadvantage.
C)   mutations may have no effect on the phenotype.
D)   all of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Exam 4: Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics

When individuals of the same species are reproductively isolated, genetic differences may accumulate in sufficient number so that new species could emerge. Such an event would be an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fitness trade-off refers to selection favoring which genotype?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In certain species of nonhuman primates there are groups where only one dominant female has access to mates. The other females must wait until the opportunity to gain mate access presents itself. This will have direct impacts on " fitness," influencing which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Together, all of the alleles contained within a group of interbreeding individuals is known as a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ABO and MN blood-type frequencies of the Dunkers differ significantly from those of current American and German populations due to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of Darwin's finches have found that at certain points in time all finches on the island have either wide beaks or sharp narrow beaks. The type of evolution that leads to this phenotype distribution is:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A study of Darwin's finches after a long period of drought found that all species of finch on one of the islands had developed wide beaks in order to break open seeds. The type of evolution that leads to this phenotype distribution is:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Explain how the founder effect can lead to a descendent population that differs greatly from its parent population over a relatively short period of time.

Correct AnswerverifiedFounder effect is a special kind of gene...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a genetic disorder that decreases susceptibility to malaria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Frameshift mutations are more likely to have an impact at the phenotypic level because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mutations to which cells are most likely to have significant evolutionary consequences?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is a frameshift mutation far more likely to lead to a defective protein than a point mutation?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe potential effects of a point mutatio...View AnswerShow Answer

Patrilocal societies are expected to display:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spontaneous mutation is the result of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a classroom taste test for PTC the genotype frequency was determined to be P = .35 and Q = .65. After applying the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the percentage of genotypes was found to be as follows:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of selection that favored progressively larger brain size in human evolution is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Familial hypercholesterolemia, an autosomal dominant disease, is five times more frequent in the Afrikaner population of South Africa than in the population of Europe or the United States. This represents an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Another name for the evolutionary force called gene flow is:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

An individual who displays the disease sickle-cell anemia must have inherited the deleterious allele from both phenotypically normal parents. This individual is therefore:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are reading a scientific article about cheetahs that have stripes instead of spots. The article refers to this as a genetic mutation. Though you see they have no negative impact on the cheetahs' fitness, the stripes are nevertheless considered a genetic mutation because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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A

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Founder effect is a special kind of gene...
View Answer

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The potential effects of a point mutatio...
View Answer

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C

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